2024年7月18日 星期一 19:43:55

玉米苗期早管促早发

    玉米播种到拔节这一阶段为苗期。主要是长根增叶、茎节分化,生长中心为根系。幼苗喜温,较耐干旱,怕涝,田间更怕苗荒与草荒。土壤宜疏松。田间管理要立足于“早管促早发”,防止出现“老小苗”,达到促根、壮苗,幼苗早,足、齐、壮的目的。
  早间定苗 应在三叶期间苗,四叶期定苗。间定苗时要去小苗、弱苗、病苗、杂苗,留生长一致的壮苗。缺苗断垄较重地段,可留生长一致的双株,确保密度。
  中耕除草 玉米出苗后要及时中耕松土,以疏松土壤,消灭杂草,促根深扎。中耕次数2~3次。中耕深度掌握苗旁浅、行间深的原则。第一次中耕在定苗前进行,深度为3~5厘米。第二、三次中耕在拔节前进行,深度以8~10厘米为宜。
  追肥浇水 追肥一般在定苗后至拔节前进行。此次施肥有促根、壮苗和促叶壮秆的作用,为穗多、穗大打好基础。没有施足种肥的,要早追。要给瘦弱苗施偏肥,促苗早发。玉米苗期耗水量占全生育期耗水量的31.8%,适宜的土壤相对含水量在65%左右。苗期的浇水次数可掌握在1~2次,浇水时切不可大水漫灌。灌水量每亩60立方米左右。苗期遇涝,应及时挖沟排水,解除渍涝,并及时中耕,以便还苗。
  防治病虫 玉米苗期害虫主要为粘虫、蓟马,防治粘虫可用50%辛硫磷乳剂3000倍液喷雾。蓟马用40%乐果乳剂或50%敌敌畏乳剂各稀释1500倍喷雾。喷洒乐果、菊酯类农药还可杀死蚜虫、灰飞虱等传毒昆虫。

 

 

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