2024年7月18日 星期一 19:43:55

木薯配方施肥及综合栽培管理技术

     木薯在世界上已有近五千年的栽培历史,现已广泛分布于华南地区,也成为我区许多地方的主要作物。
     木薯粗生易种,对土壤条件要求不高,只要不过分贫瘠和石砾过多,不积水的 土地均可种植。木薯是养殖业和淀粉加工业的重要原材料,种好木薯也是一条脱贫致富的好门路。 木薯虽然粗生易种,但要保证较高水平的产量,还必须采用科学的办法种植和管理。 
     一、选择良种。选择产量高、品质优的良种,并选充分老熟、茎粗节密、芽点完好、新鲜、不损伤、切口有乳汁、无病虫的主茎中下段作种茎,将选好的种茎用利刀砍成10.0~15ml长的茎段,需切口平滑、无破裂、芽点保持完好。其植后发芽快,出苗早且齐,苗粗快长,产量高。
     二、深耕整地、施足基肥:每亩施500~800kg农家肥或三元复合肥25kg作基肥,为出苗和长薯打好基础。
     地膜栽培:在犁耙好的地块上,按行距起畦,施入基肥,畦面覆盖上地膜,地膜四周用泥土压封实,然后按株距将木薯茎段插于畦膜两边或在畦膜上打小洞将种茎插入,将种茎露出畦面3~5cm即可。
     三、配方施肥:配方施肥是木薯获高产的关键技术之一。木薯有喜氮、喜钾的生长特性,因此,在各生长期要注重肥料的搭配。一般为:基肥亩施三元复合肥 25kg;植后苗高约20cm施壮苗肥,亩施尿素、氯化钾各l0~15kg,以促幼苗生长、粗壮;结薯肥,亩施氯化钾15kg,以促结薯、增加薯数,促进薯块膨大。如用地膜栽培,施肥量要一次性施入,自施三元复合肥25kg、钾肥25kg即可。四、适时补植和间苗:木薯植后3-5周,由于有少量种茎质量差或植后小环境不适而造成缺株,应及时在缺株的位置上补植,以保全苗;幼苗出土后,同一种茎常有多个幼苗长出,待苗高15-20cm时,将多苗的植株,其余间掉,每株留出一条最粗壮的主苗。
     五、中耕除草。苗长到20厘米左右时,要进行除草、松土,将草去泥盖在根附近。苗长到1米时,进行第二次除草、松土,但不要锄断薯条。
     六、除虫防鼠。木薯刚出苗时地老虎最喜欢偷吃。一个地老虎一夜可吃掉一株幼苗,危害很大。到了长薯期,老鼠会偷薯吃,应适时采取灭鼠措施。(
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