2024年7月18日 星期一 19:43:55

变性淀粉简介—阳离子淀粉

  淀粉与胺类化合物起反应生成含有氨基酸和胺基的醚衍生物,氮原子带电荷称为阳离子淀粉,在造纸、纺织、食品和其它工业应用广泛。最重要的叔氨醚和季铵醚。 
  造纸工业最早使用阳离子淀粉为施胶剂,纤维带有阴电荷,阳离子淀粉胶料因阳阴电荷的关系,几乎能完全被吸附,用量少,效果好。废水中含淀粉量少,减少环境污染。纸张的成形性及经过抄纸网的排水性好,并能改造耐破、伸长、耐折和搞粘辊性等。工业上生产的阳离子淀粉为低取代度产品,含氮量为0.2%-0.4%。 
  阳离子淀粉是纺织物的好上浆剂,适用于棉花纤维和合成纤维,效果都好,优点是粘度稳定,成膜性好,与人工合成上浆剂的共性也好。阳离子淀粉适于冷水浆棉衣服用。将衣服浸于冷的阳离子淀粉乳中,几乎能全部吸着,再用熨斗热烫,糊化,浆衣服的效果好。阳离子淀粉为好絮凝剂,能使带有阴电荷的无机和有机料的颗粒凝聚,沉淀,如泥土、煤粉、炭、铁矿砂、纤维等。用于处理工业废水,有利于分离除去悬浮的泥土,也用于矿砂精制,使一定的矿砂沉降分离。氨乙基淀粉为氧化铁的好沉降剂。 
  淀粉颗粒具有离子交换剂需要的若干性质,如不溶于水,密度大,装成交换柱具有较好多孔性,水溶液易于流通。离子交换能力随醚化度而增高。醚化到高程度会降低淀粉的水不溶性,甚至变为冷水溶解。通过交联能解决这种影响,交联醚化淀粉为好阴离子交换剂。 
  阳离子淀粉应用于石油井,在高浓度钙和盐的条件下,控制水分流失的效果好。 
 
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