2024年7月18日 星期一 19:43:55

关于木薯的间、套种、连作问题

     木薯生长期一般是8~9个月,时间较长,可在木薯地里间种玉米、豆类、西瓜等,比较理想的是与花生、豆类或西瓜间种。花生或者豆类本身可以提高土壤中氮素水平,对木薯前期生长很有帮助。但如果选择作物不当或与间作物的种植规格不适,就会影响木薯生产,造成木薯减产减收、土地退化等不良后果。以下简单介绍木薯间种套种的几种方式。 

     (1)豆类等作物。选择坡度5度以下的缓坡种,经一犁一耙整地后,按株行距0.8米×1.2米或1米×1米挖穴,每穴下基肥1~2千克,间作物的种植时间可与木薯同期或于木薯种植后1~2周内进行,一般在木薯行间种2行花生、黄豆、甘薯或玉米,以间作物长大后不遮蔽木薯为宜。根据中国热带农业科学院多年的试验结果,在木薯行间种花生,亩产40~75千克,黄豆亩产50~80千克,绿豆亩产30~40千克,增值60~150元。间作甘薯亩产鲜薯250~850千克,能提高产量,但耗地力大,不宜间作。间作玉米亩产40~50千克,虽然也能增收,但玉米后期生长比木薯快,易遮蔽木薯,对木薯生长及产量有影响,因此应酌情考虑种植。另外,种植豆科绿肥,虽无直接经济效益,但能培肥地力,提高木薯产量。

      (2)木薯在瓜类作物中的套种。犁把整地后,于2~3月按株行距1.5米×2.4米开穴,每穴下基肥2千克,种植西瓜或红瓜子。1个月后,在瓜行里套种2行木薯,木薯的种植规格为0.8米×1米,一般5~6月份便可收获西瓜和红瓜子。瓜类收获后,正是木薯迅速生长时期,便于追施肥料,促进木薯增产。
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